tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75873075267321999702024-02-22T13:22:37.086-08:00My World 1412dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-82136013494539678282011-12-16T21:40:00.000-08:002011-12-16T21:40:45.539-08:00<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKE-zDuMaCvdhwSX5MJvF1P9bEUkGknhy9_9CRoU-F1tkNSyi0tVl8kyOOJhJLrdg_ZI8hZLgunFXyIhO-3ErvwFbaXCoM9KCw_V85CG5cvNrt5Xa1fsIoz5-ggckvgegm3GFoGjbtRIA/s1600/chris-brown-fame-album-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKE-zDuMaCvdhwSX5MJvF1P9bEUkGknhy9_9CRoU-F1tkNSyi0tVl8kyOOJhJLrdg_ZI8hZLgunFXyIhO-3ErvwFbaXCoM9KCw_V85CG5cvNrt5Xa1fsIoz5-ggckvgegm3GFoGjbtRIA/s320/chris-brown-fame-album-cover.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Next To You- Chris Brown Ft Justin Bieber </span></b><b></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><br />
</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: magenta; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b>[Chris Brown]<br />
You've got that smile<br />
That only heaven can make<br />
I pray to God everyday<br />
That you keep that smile<br />
<br />
[Justin Bieber]</b> <b><br />
Yeah, you are my dream<br />
There's not a thing I won't do<br />
I'll give my life up for you<br />
Cos you are my dream<br />
<br />
[Bridge]</b> <b><br />
And baby, everything that I have is yours<br />
You will never go cold or hungry<br />
I'll be there when you're insecure<br />
Let you know that you're always lovely<br />
Girl, cos you are the only thing that I got right now<br />
<br />
[Chorus]</b> <b><br />
One day when the sky is falling<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
Nothing will ever come between us<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
<br />
[Chris Brown]</b> <b><br />
You had my child<br />
You make my life complete<br />
Just to have your eyes on little me<br />
That'd be mine forever<br />
<br />
[Bridge]</b> <b><br />
And baby, everything that I have is yours<br />
You will never go cold or hungry<br />
I'll be there when you're insecure<br />
Let you know that you're always lovely<br />
Girl, cos you are the only thing that I got right now<br />
<br />
[Chorus]</b> <b><br />
One day when the sky is falling<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
Nothing will ever come between us<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
<br />
[Bridge]</b> <b><br />
We're made for one another<br />
Me and you<br />
And I have no fear<br />
I know we'll make it through<br />
<br />
One day when the sky is falling</b> <b><br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Ohh ohh ohh ohhhhh<br />
<br />
[Chorus]</b> <b><br />
One day when the sky is falling<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
Nothing will ever come between us<br />
I'll be standing right next to you<br />
Right next to you<br />
<br />
Oh nah nah</b> <b><br />
Oh yeah<br />
Stand by my side<br />
When the sky falls<br />
Oh baby<br />
I'll be there<br />
<br />
You've got that smile</b> <b><br />
That only heaven can make<br />
I pray to God everyday<br />
To keep you forever</b></div><b> </b>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-84920371682707215282011-12-16T21:20:00.000-08:002011-12-16T21:20:57.411-08:00Demam Berdarah Dengue<div style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6yWbIN2PRqJQhjwcUX6EeKm1IAreEWmJtH91AQThEIqaB_UwZSW8GPo3B-iCDq5WsXdDIA5W3n-IE31Dk8Yx257QIUzdG8zIKQTF5cKt_8E8iF4ZpdJa2Ssqqt4Q1312v3TPAbSEc8bY/s1600/Demam+Berdarah+Dengue.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6yWbIN2PRqJQhjwcUX6EeKm1IAreEWmJtH91AQThEIqaB_UwZSW8GPo3B-iCDq5WsXdDIA5W3n-IE31Dk8Yx257QIUzdG8zIKQTF5cKt_8E8iF4ZpdJa2Ssqqt4Q1312v3TPAbSEc8bY/s320/Demam+Berdarah+Dengue.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> Demam berdarah dengue <i>(Dengue hemorrhagic fever) </i>adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh 4 (empat) serotype virus dengue dan secara klinis ditandai dengan adanya manifestasiperdarahan dan dapat berkembang menjadi renjatan <i>(Dengue</i> <b><i>Shock </i></b><i>Syndrome) </i>yang berakibat fatal. Trombositopeni yang bersamaan dengan hemokonsentrasi merupakan gambaran yang selalu ditemukan. Pertama sekali ditemukan di Filipina pada tahun 1953, Thailand (1958), Malaysia, Singapura dan Viet Nam pada tahun 1953 - 1964.</span></span></div><div style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> Di Indonesia, pertama sekali dijumpai di Surabaya pada tahun 1968 dan kemudian disusul dengan daerah-daerah yang lain.</span><b><span></span></b><span> Jumlah penderita menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, dan penyakit ini banyak terjadi di kotakota yang padat penduduknya. Akan tetapi dalam tahun-tahun terakhir ini, penyakit ini juga berjangkit di daerah pedesaan<b>.</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span>PATOFISIOLOGI DAN PATOGENESIS</span></b></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> Fenomena patofisiologi utama yang menentukan beratnya penyakit dan membedakan Demam berdarah dengue dengan Dengue klasik ialah tingginya permeabilitas dinding pembuluh darah, menurunnya volume plasma, terjadinya hipotensi, trombositopenia dan diatese hemoragik. Mcningginya nilai hematokrit pada penderita dengan renjatan, menimbulkan dugaan bahwa renjatan terjadi sebagai akibat kebocoran plasma ke daerah ekstravaskular melalui kapiler yang rusak dengan akibat menurunnya volume plasma dan meningginya nilai hematokrit.</span></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span> Mekanisme sebenarnya tentang patofisiologi dan pathogenesis Demam berdarah dengue, hingga kini belum diketahui secara pasti, tetapi sebagian menganut <i>the secondary heterologous</i> <i>infection hypothesis </i>yang mengatakan bahwa demam berdarah dengue dapat terjadi apabila seseorang setelah infeksi dengue pertama mendapat infeksi berulang dengan tipe virus yang berbeda dalam jangka waktu tertentu yang diperkirakan 6 bulan sampai 5 tahun.</span><span></span><span></span></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span></span></b><span></span></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> </span>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-79463369057998630212011-06-11T19:59:00.000-07:002011-06-12T00:01:48.183-07:00Kualitas Smartphone,Harga Featurephone...<b><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Samsung Wave 575: Smartphone dengan Bada OS</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Ponsel berbasis OS Bada lagi-lagi diumumkan oleh Samsung dan masih dalam kategori seri Wave, bernama Samsung Wave 575 . Ponsel cerdas ini dilengkapi dengan display LCD 3.2 inci WQVGA TFT, kamera 3.2 megapixel. Support aplikasi Samsung juga koneksi 3G dan antarmuka TouchWiz 3.0. Juga akan anda temui BlueTooth dan koneksi WiFi.</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzegrvmXCEgnOoyI8RZHoMgDyc75Kil_NpbKChX1Ip9WyZj4U_6xiQvOBxXhDDuxkQc-G5omA6PB6HQSO85YpBYVI6vqKjm2-XSCVBarGIQl1l4v3Zy0LHl-UVMSwet5eF4erxRFnihc/s1600/samsung-wave-575.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzegrvmXCEgnOoyI8RZHoMgDyc75Kil_NpbKChX1Ip9WyZj4U_6xiQvOBxXhDDuxkQc-G5omA6PB6HQSO85YpBYVI6vqKjm2-XSCVBarGIQl1l4v3Zy0LHl-UVMSwet5eF4erxRFnihc/s400/samsung-wave-575.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<b><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Spesifikasi Samsung Wave 575</span></b><br />
<div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• Sistem operasi Bada OS</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• 3.2 inches WQVGA TFT LCD display</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• 3.2 megapixel camera</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• 100MB internal memory</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• TouchWiz 3.0 interface</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• MicroSD card slot for upto 16GB</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• Bluetooth</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• Wi-Fi support</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• 3G HSDPA 3,6Mbps</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">• Baterai Li-Ion 1200 mAh </div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br />
</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Bentuknya bagus dan pas ditangannya dan akan hadir dalam tiga warna: hitam, putih dan pink. Yang menarik ialah Wave 575 ini hampir serupa dengan Samsung Wave 533. Harga Samsung Wave 575 dipasarkan Rp1.999.000 .</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br />
</div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyHEjhX9UpgtyEcPcVNf0G6U0P_SC-QLPb1r5ZeJgd_bz-sc1OJbkTiTjU_7qBCVvy8frvPTZkhCxI6jbfH_w' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="color: blue; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br />
Sumber :<br />
http://www.tabloidpulsa.co.id/preview/53-preview/767-3-samsung-bada-terbaru-wave-525-wave-533-dan-wave575<br />
http://www.youtube.com/<br />
<br />
</div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-28236057141538659592011-06-04T22:45:00.000-07:002011-06-12T05:09:19.337-07:00LINKIN PARK<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><style>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Matura MT Script Capitals"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">Waiting for the end </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh99z2ZACSapUgX9xe2ZaAoUniDRJSTmQcJmNGbrMfG48K9OspfUUoORwAcw3IVCZl45Qjiq2Uqfs79Ggwcthnej-FtM_jAQiiy1WPusKUsKzbWfcA5B8WestVBe2o8PMGoeaBC4FK2vq4/s1600/600px-Wfte_Cover02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh99z2ZACSapUgX9xe2ZaAoUniDRJSTmQcJmNGbrMfG48K9OspfUUoORwAcw3IVCZl45Qjiq2Uqfs79Ggwcthnej-FtM_jAQiiy1WPusKUsKzbWfcA5B8WestVBe2o8PMGoeaBC4FK2vq4/s400/600px-Wfte_Cover02.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Matura MT Script Capitals"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This is not the end<br />
This is not the beginning,<br />
Just a voice like a riot <br />
Rocking every revision<br />
But you listen to the tone<br />
And the violent rhythm<br />
Though the words sound steady<br />
Something empty's within 'em<br />
<br />
We say Yeah!<br />
With fists flying up in the air<br />
Like we're holding onto something<br />
That's invisible there,<br />
'Cause we're living at the mercy of<br />
The pain and the fear<br />
Until we dead it, Forget it,<br />
Let it all disappear.<br />
<br />
Waiting for the end to come<br />
Wishing I had strength to stand<br />
This is not what I had planned<br />
It's out of my control....<br />
<br />
Flying at the speed of light<br />
Thoughts were spinning in my head<br />
So many things were left unsaid<br />
It's hard to let you go...<br />
<br />
(Oh!) I know what it takes to move on,<br />
(Oh!)I know how it feels to lie,<br />
All I wanna do <br />
Is trade this life for something new<br />
Holding on to what I haven't got<br />
<br />
Sitting in an empty room<br />
Trying to forget the past<br />
This was never meant to last,<br />
I wish it wasn't so...<br />
<br />
(Oh!) I know what it takes to move on,<br />
(Oh!)I know how it feels to lie,<br />
All I wanna do <br />
Is trade this life for something new<br />
Holding on to what I haven't got<br />
<br />
What was left when that fire was gone?<br />
I thought it felt right but that right was wrong<br />
All caught up in the eye of the storm<br />
And trying to figure out what it's like moving on<br />
And i don't even know what kind of things I've said<br />
My mouth kept moving and my mind went dead<br />
So, picking up the pieces, now where to begin?<br />
The hardest part of ending Is starting again!!<br />
<br />
All I wanna do <br />
Is trade this life for something new<br />
Holding on to what i haven't got...<br />
<br />
This is not the end<br />
This is not the beginning,<br />
Just a voice like a riot <br />
Rocking every revision<br />
But you listen to the tone<br />
And the violent rhythm<br />
Though the words sound steady<br />
Something empty's within 'em<br />
(Holding on to what i haven't got)<br />
<br />
We say Yeah!<br />
With fists flying up in the air<br />
Like we're holding onto something<br />
That's invisible there,<br />
'Cause we're living at the mercy of<br />
The pain and the fear<br />
Until we dead it, Forget it,<br />
Let it all disappear<br />
(Holding on to what i haven't got!)<o:p></o:p></span></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-35848469225319171952011-06-04T21:54:00.003-07:002011-06-04T22:29:16.834-07:00Bada-- Samsung's smartphone platform<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><style>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">10 November 2009 samsung akhirnya resmi mengeluarkan Samsung Bada OS.Sebuah mobile operating System yang di desain untuk high-end smartphones dan lower-end feature phones. Nama ‘Bada’ Sendiri di ambil dari bahasa Korea yang berarti Laut atau samudera.</span> <span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Visi Bada adalah "Smartphone untuk Semua Orang". Tujuan utama Bada adalah tidak dapat bersaing dengan platform smartphone yang ada. Sebaliknya, Bada akan mengubah pelanggan konvensional Samsung ke pengguna smartphone dengan menyediakan smartphone biaya-efektif. </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<div style="margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";">BADA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><br />
Company/developer : Samsung Electronics<br />
Programmed in : C++<br />
Working state :Siap di download oleh publik<br />
Latest stable release : 1.2.0 / 4 Oktober 2010<br />
Supported Platforms : ARM<br />
Kernel Type : proprietary or Linux<br />
Official website : <a href="http://www.bada.com/">www.bada.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Samsung medefinisikan Bada adalah bukan sebuah Sistem Operasi, tetapi sebuah platform dengan sebuah konfigurasi arsitektur kernel yang mengikuti penggunaan Real-time operating system (RTOS) kernel atau Kernel Linux. Berdasarkan hak cipta yang di tampilkan oleh Samsung Wave S8500, Bada menggunakan kode dari FreeBSD, NetBSD dan OpenBSD,meskipun ponsel lainnya mungkin menggunakan linux pengganti.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Di atas dari sebuah kernel adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"> Level Device. Meneyediakan fungsi inti seperti, grafis, protokol, telepon dan keamanan dan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"> Level Service. Menyediakan servis lebih seperi SNS, pemetaan, penjualan in-app dan lainnya. Untuk menyediakan kegunaan ada yang disebut dengan Bada Server.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;"> Level Framework (Level tertinggi) yang menyediakan sebuah Application Programming Interface di C++ untuk digunakan oleh pengembang aplikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Bada menyediakan berbagai macam kontor UI untuk pengembang. Yaitu dengan menyediakan basic UI kontrol seperti Listbox, Color Picker, Tab, dll. Bada-pun memiliki kontrol web browser yang berbasis open-source WebKit, dan juga fungsi Adobe Flash yang mensuport Flash 9. Keduanya(WebKit dan Flash) dapat ditanamkan didlam aplikasi Bada. Bada juga interaktif dalam pemetaan daengan Point of interest(POI) features yang dapat juga ditanamkan kedalam aplikasi bawaan yang mendukung pinch-to-zoom, tabbed browsing, dan cut, copy dan paste.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Bada mendukung berbagai macam mekanisme untuk meningkatkan interaksi: berbagai sensor seperti sensor gerak, kontrol gerak, pendeteksi wajah, accelerometer, magnetometer, tilt dan GPS yang dapat di gabung ke dalam aplikasi. Ini merupakm keunggulam dan multipoint-touch dan juga dukungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Aplikasi-aplikasi yang tertanam merupakan pengembang di C++ dengan Bada SDK dan Eclipse berbasis IDE. GNU berdasar rantai peralatan ynag digunakan unutk bangunan dan debugging aplication. IDE juga termasuk UI Builder, dengan yang mengembangkannya dapat dengan mudah mendesain aplikasi mereka dengan dragging dan dropping konrol UI ke dalam form. Untuk Pengetesan dan debugging, IDE termasuk sebuah simulator dimana aplikasi dapat menjadi menyenangkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Ponsel Samsung yang pertama kali yang berjalan dengan platform bada yang telah dipertunjukkan di Thr Mobile World Congress 2010 adalah Wave S8500. Wave merupakan ponsel layarsentuh tipis yang disuport oleh Samsung’s “Hummingbird” CPU (S5PC110), yang termasik sebuah 1 CPU ARM Cortex-8 sebesar 1 GHz dan dibangun didalamnya PowerVR SGX 3D mesin grafis. Layar “Super AMOLED” dan kapabilitas 720p high-def video.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: small;">Sumber: wikipedia<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-SMx1G5WBwzWcWX8Zc2E15Rr3EnV7UP5HO_AUxMG-W6QBTh0T8v_zyYldsiUdf6ZitteorxVwOj1WJVSobZHsQkHtffgzBrCws-SWF3N4Zw62XXf-MkstYPhR-oUjULZg2_PTuU3Cuk/s1600/Pink-album-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB-SMx1G5WBwzWcWX8Zc2E15Rr3EnV7UP5HO_AUxMG-W6QBTh0T8v_zyYldsiUdf6ZitteorxVwOj1WJVSobZHsQkHtffgzBrCws-SWF3N4Zw62XXf-MkstYPhR-oUjULZg2_PTuU3Cuk/s320/Pink-album-cover.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT Poster Compressed","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Pink—Fuckin’ Perfect</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT Poster Compressed","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Made a wrong turn, once or twice. <br />
Dug my way out, blood and fire. <br />
Bad decisions, that's alright. <br />
Welcome to my silly life. <br />
Mistreated, misplaced, misunderstood. <br />
Miss 'No way, it's all good', it didn't slow me down. <br />
Mistaken, always second guessing, underestimated. <br />
Look, I'm still around. <br />
<br />
Pretty, pretty please, don't you ever, ever feel <br />
Like you're less than fuckin' perfect. <br />
Pretty, pretty please, if you ever, ever feel like you're nothing, <br />
You're fuckin' perfect to me <br />
<br />
You're so mean when you talk about yourself; you were wrong. <br />
Change the voices in your head; make them like you instead. <br />
So complicated, look happy, you'll make it <br />
Filled with so much hatred, such a tired game. <br />
It's enough; I've done all I can think of. <br />
Chased down all my demons, I've seen you do the same. <br />
<br />
Woah ohh, pretty, pretty please, don't you ever, ever feel <br />
Like you're less than fuckin' perfect. <br />
Pretty, pretty please, if you ever, ever feel like you're nothing, </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT Poster Compressed","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><br />
You're fuckin' perfect to me. <br />
<br />
The whole world's scared so I swallow the fear. <br />
The only thing I should be drinking is an ice cold beer. <br />
So cool in line, and we try try try, but we try too hard and it's a waste of my time. <br />
Done looking for the critics, cause they're everywhere. <br />
They dont like my jeans; they don't get my hair. <br />
Exchange ourselves, and we do it all the time. <br />
Why do we do that? Why do I do that? <br />
<br />
Why do I do that? <br />
<br />
Yeah, oh, oh baby, pretty baby <br />
Pretty, pretty please, don't you ever, ever feel <br />
Like you're less than fuckin' perfect. <br />
Pretty,pretty please, if you ever, ever feel <br />
Like you're nothing, you're fuckin' perfect to me, yeahhh. <br />
You're perfect, you're perfect <br />
Ohh pretty, pretty please, if you ever, ever feel <br />
Like you're nothin' you're fuckin' perfect to me.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-75965248866347675742011-06-03T20:13:00.000-07:002011-06-03T20:13:25.780-07:00<div style="color: blue;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Forte; line-height: 115%;">Katy Perry—E.T</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMWG9mPMLxjx3kS-2fbayW4OC12bKghXbKWH3QKklUfb7l6PuV0_r_MzNj4u3mkfnuTjYPxSjcWYZ9Dl8J0ybkpWrd2PSoN5slwYpGYa3PXuwzwSXMLzbYz7uwxxvNcklvuYQBtxrmOc4/s1600/KP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMWG9mPMLxjx3kS-2fbayW4OC12bKghXbKWH3QKklUfb7l6PuV0_r_MzNj4u3mkfnuTjYPxSjcWYZ9Dl8J0ybkpWrd2PSoN5slwYpGYa3PXuwzwSXMLzbYz7uwxxvNcklvuYQBtxrmOc4/s320/KP.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Bodoni MT Condensed","serif"; line-height: 115%;">You're so hypnotizing<br />
Could you be the devil? Could you be an angel?<br />
Your touch magnetizing<br />
Feels like I am floating, leaves my body glowing<br />
<br />
They say be afraid<br />
You're not like the others, futuristic lover<br />
Different DNA<br />
They don't understand you<br />
<br />
You're from a whole other world<br />
A different dimension<br />
You open my eyes<br />
And I'm ready to go, lead me into the light<br />
<br />
Kiss me, ki-ki-kiss me<br />
Infect me with your love and<br />
Fill me with your poison<br />
<br />
Take me, ta-ta-take me<br />
Wanna be a victim<br />
Ready for abduction<br />
<br />
Boy, you're an alien<br />
Your touch so foreign<br />
It's supernatural<br />
Extraterrestrial<br />
<br />
You're so supersonic<br />
Wanna feel your powers, stun me with your lasers<br />
Your kiss is cosmic<br />
Every move is magic<br />
<br />
You're from a whole other world<br />
A different dimension<br />
You open my eyes<br />
And I'm ready to go, lead me into the light<br />
<br />
Kiss me, ki-ki-kiss me<br />
Infect me with your love and<br />
Fill me with your poison<br />
<br />
Take me, ta-ta-take me<br />
Wanna be a victim<br />
Ready for abduction<br />
<br />
Boy, you're an alien<br />
Your touch so foreign<br />
It's supernatural<br />
Extraterrestrial<br />
<br />
This is transcendental<br />
On another level<br />
Boy, you're my lucky star<br />
<br />
I wanna walk on your wavelength<br />
And be there when you vibrate<br />
For you I'll risk it all<br />
<br />
Kiss me, ki-ki-kiss me<br />
Infect me with your love and<br />
Fill me with your poison<br />
<br />
Take me, ta-ta-take me<br />
Wanna be a victim<br />
Ready for abduction<br />
<br />
Boy, you're an alien<br />
Your touch so foreign<br />
It's supernatural<br />
Extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial<br />
<br />
Boy, you're an alien<br />
Your touch so foreign<br />
It's supernatural<br />
Extraterrestrial</span></span></div><div> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-86225183677866439232011-06-01T21:22:00.005-07:002011-06-01T21:22:14.526-07:00<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CDAZA%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link> <m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent><style>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Price Tag</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">By Jessie J feat B.O.B</span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaj6sL0F3014qJxKFjTYgMBudjP2N2-KstuI9tjA798dhakaxPb4vGZNWu6OvmP-E1F6bAPlbCA2kXB1v6Iazu9RcYtBGNSVOZwhQGT8nAV-d6wdMMc0HTibn9fzF3Gd53Rmc6SrbttwM/s1600/jessie-j-price-tag-cover-e1295451008226.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaj6sL0F3014qJxKFjTYgMBudjP2N2-KstuI9tjA798dhakaxPb4vGZNWu6OvmP-E1F6bAPlbCA2kXB1v6Iazu9RcYtBGNSVOZwhQGT8nAV-d6wdMMc0HTibn9fzF3Gd53Rmc6SrbttwM/s320/jessie-j-price-tag-cover-e1295451008226.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Okay, Coconut man, Moon Heads and Pea<br />
You ready</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Seems like everybody’s got a price,<br />
I wonder how they sleep at night.<br />
When the sale comes first,<br />
And the truth comes second,<br />
Just stop, for a minute and<br />
Smile</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Why is everybody so serious<br />
Acting so damn mysterious<br />
Got your shades on your eyes<br />
And your heels so high<br />
That you can’t even have a good time</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Everybody look to their left (yeah)<br />
Everybody look to their right (ha)<br />
Can you feel that (yeah)<br />
We’re paying with love tonight<br />
It’s not about the money, money, money<br />
We don’t need your money, money, money<br />
We just wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag<br />
Ain’t about the (uh) Cha-Ching Cha-Ching.<br />
Aint about the (yeah) Ba-Bling Ba-Bling<br />
Wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Okay!<br />
We need to take it back in time,<br />
When music made us all unite<br />
And it wasn’t low blows and video hoes,<br />
Am I the only one getting tired<br />
Why is everybody so obsessed<br />
Money can’t buy us happiness<br />
Can we all slow down and enjoy right now<br />
Guarantee we’ll be feeling Alright.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Everybody look to their left (yeah)<br />
Everybody look to their right (ha)<br />
Can you feel that (yeah)<br />
We’re paying with love tonight<br />
It’s not about the money, money, money<br />
We don’t need your money, money, money<br />
We just wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag<br />
Ain’t about the (uh) Cha-Ching Cha-Ching.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span id="more-452"></span><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">Aint about the (yeah) Ba-Bling Ba-Bling<br />
Wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">[B.o.B]<br />
Yeah yeah<br />
Well, keep the price tag<br />
And take the cash back<br />
Just give me six strings and a half stack<br />
And you can keep the cars<br />
Leave me the garage<br />
And all I..<br />
Yes all I need are keys and guitars<br />
And its with in 30 seconds I’m leaving to Mars<br />
Yeah we leaping across these undefeatable odds<br />
Its like this man, you can’t put a price on the life<br />
We do this for the love so we fight and sacrifice everynight<br />
So we aint gon stumble and fall never<br />
Waiting to see this in the sign of defeat uh uh<br />
So we gon keep everyone moving their feet<br />
So bring back the beat and then everyone sing</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">It’s not about the money, money, money<br />
We don’t need your money, money, money<br />
We just wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag<br />
Ain’t about the (uh) Cha-Ching Cha-Ching.<br />
Aint about the (yeah) Ba-Bling Ba-Bling<br />
Wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">It’s not about the money, money, money<br />
We don’t need your money, money, money<br />
We just wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><br />
Ain’t about the (uh) Cha-Ching Cha-Ching.<br />
Aint about the (yeah) Ba-Bling Ba-Bling<br />
Wanna make the world dance,<br />
Forget about the Price Tag.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Juice ITC";">[Jessie J -Outro]<br />
Yeah, yeah<br />
Oo-oooh<br />
Forget about the price tag.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-3313583199257371172011-06-01T21:03:00.000-07:002011-06-01T22:44:52.137-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: purple;">The Lazy Song</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1sQVvSp0hoUJeVPdG0G0G94k4f4-rwB_9RZAKu7L1lXhGBKyHwWObCB6mfTgAiS5rjJDvE02WFJUYgu1ubSo_uodH1-KiNT8IEoXIPcvvbC_DJmgewMby_1liiUF-NoD1vzKKKYG6Qg/s1600/Bruno+Mars+Lazy+Song.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ1sQVvSp0hoUJeVPdG0G0G94k4f4-rwB_9RZAKu7L1lXhGBKyHwWObCB6mfTgAiS5rjJDvE02WFJUYgu1ubSo_uodH1-KiNT8IEoXIPcvvbC_DJmgewMby_1liiUF-NoD1vzKKKYG6Qg/s320/Bruno+Mars+Lazy+Song.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div></div><div style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Today I don't feel like doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I just wanna lay in my bed</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don't feel like picking up my phone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So leave a message at the tone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anyhing</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I'm gonna kick my feet up</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Then stare at the fan</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turn the TV on, throw my hand down my pants</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nobody's gonna tell me I can't</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I'll be lying on the couch,</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">just chillin' in my snuggie</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Click to MTV, so they can teach me how to dougie</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause in my castle I'm the freaking man</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Oh Oh</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yes I said it</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I said it</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I said it 'cause I can</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Today I don’t feel like doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I just wanna lay in my bed</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don’t feel like picking up my phone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So leave a message at the tone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nothing at all</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tomorrow I'll wake up do some P90X</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meet a really nice girl, have some really nice sex</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">She's gonna scream out: 'This is Great'</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">[Hear me out: this is great]</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yeah</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I might mess around, get my college degree</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I bet my old man will be so proud of me</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">But sorry paps, you'll just have to wait</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Oh Oh</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yes I said it</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I said it</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I said it 'cause I can</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Today I don’t feel like doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I just wanna lay in my bed</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don’t feel like picking up my phone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So leave a message at the tone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">No I ain't gonna comb my hair</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause I ain't going anywhere</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">No no no no no no no no no-oh</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I'll just strike in my birthday suite</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">And let everything hang loose</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah-eah</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Oh</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Today I don’t feel like doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I just wanna lay in my bed</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Don’t feel like picking up my phone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">So leave a message at the tone</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">'Cause today I swear I'm not doing anything</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nothing at all</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nothing at all</span></div><div style="color: purple; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Nothing at all</span></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-14203396225630869042011-05-20T01:40:00.000-07:002011-06-12T05:05:08.251-07:00Penyebab Fascioliasis di Indonesia<div style="text-align: center;">Fasciola gigantica</div><div style="text-align: center;">(Sheep liver fluks)</div><div style="text-align: center;">Sub kingdom : Metazoa</div><div style="text-align: center;">Filum : Platyhelminthes</div><div style="text-align: center;">Ordo : Digenea</div><div style="text-align: center;">Family : Fasciolidae</div><div style="text-align: center;">Kelas : Trematoda</div><div style="text-align: center;">Genus : Fasciola</div><div style="text-align: center;">Spesies : Fasciola gigantica </div>Morfologi:<br />
1. Bentuk pipih seperti daun<br />
2. Ventral sucker lebih besar dibanding oral sucker.<br />
3. Panjang 25-75 mm dengan lebar 12 mm.<br />
4. Berwarna:lebih transparan dibanding dengan Fasciola hepatica.<br />
<br />
<b>Hospes definitive</b> : ruminansia (terutama sapi), kambing, domba didaerah beriklim tropis<br />
kadang juga manusia<br />
<b>Hospes intermedier</b> : siput Lymnea rubiginosa ( di Indonesia disebut L. javanica). <br />
Di Indonesia tidak ditemukan siput yang cocok sebagai hospes intermidier F. hepatica , maka di Indonesia cacing ini tidak ditemukan, kecuali sapi impor. Lymnea rubiginosa biasanya hidup dalam air jernih. <br />
<b>Habitat</b> : Cacing dewasa hidup dalam saluran empedu dan hati hospes definitive <br />
<b>Bentuk infektif</b> : Metaserkaria <br />
<b>Cara infeksi</b> : rumput/tanaman yang mengandung metacercaria dimakan oleh ternak/orang<br />
<b>Penyakit</b> : fascioliasis atau distomatosis<br />
<b>Siklus hidup</b><br />
Cacing dewasa hidup dalam saluran empedu hospes definitif (terutama ruminansia kadang juga orang) cacing bertelur keluar melalui saluran empedu keluar melalui feses telur berkembang membentuk meracidium dalam waktu 9-10 hari pada suhu optimum meracidium terdapat pada hospes intermedier siput Lymnea rubiginosa berkembang menjadi cercaria. Cercaria keluar dari siput menempel pada tanaman air/rumput/sayuran cercaria melepaskan ekornya membentuk metacercaria. Rumput/tanaman yang mengandung metacercaria dimakan oleh ternak/orang cacing akan menginfeksi hospes definitif berkembang menjadi cacing dewasa.<br />
<br />
<b>Gejala klinis </b><br />
<br />
Fasciola gigantica merupakan satu-satunya cacing trematoda diIndonesia yang menyebabkan infeksi fasciolosis pada hewan ruminansia. Penyakit ini sangat merugikan karena dapat menyebabkan penurunan bobot hidup, penurunan produksi, pengakiran organ tubuh terutama hati sehingga hati terbuang percuma, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian.<br />
Cacing dalam saluran empedu menyebabkan peradangan sehingga merangsang terbentuknya jaringan fibrosa pada dinding saluran empedu. Penebalan saluran empedu menyebabkan cairan empedu mengalir tidak lancar. Disamping itu pengaruh cacing dalam hati menyebabkan kerusakan parenchym hati dan mengakibatkan sirosis hepatis. Hambatan cairan empedu keluar dari saluran empedu menyebabkan ichterus. Bila penyakit bertambah parah akan menyebabkan tidak berfungsinya hati<br />
<b>Diagnosa :</b><br />
Penentuan diagnosa fascioliasis seekor hewan atau sekelompok hewan harus dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya telur Fasciola, yang dapat dilakukan dengan metode sedimentasi. Pada hewan yang berkelompok, diagnosa juga diperkuat dengan kerusakan hati salah satu hewan yang mati dengan melalui proses nekropsi. Diagnosa yang tepat pada hewan yang sudah terserang penyakit cacing, akan memberikan jalan untuk pengobatan yang tepat pula untuk ketepatan diagnosa.<br />
Salah satu metoda untuk melakukan diagnosa penyakit Cacing Hati (Fasciolasis) pada sapi dan kerbau, misalnya, adalah dengan menggunakan antigen Fasciola. <br />
<b>Penatalaksanaan pasien :</b><br />
Beberapa tehnik sederhana dalam melakukan kontrol terhadap infestasi cacing pada ternak sapi dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengatur pemberian pakan dan mengatur waktu pemotongan rumput, suatu hal yang tentunya tidak dapat dilakukan bila sapi dibiarkan mencari pakan sendiri di padang rumput. <br />
Bila ternak tidak ada nafsu makan, maka periksalah dulu bagian mulut dan gigi. Periksa juga suhu (kalau tinggi, mungkin ada infeksi umum). Berikan antibiotika injeksi setiap hari selama 3 – 5 hari. “Bila bukan seperti gejala diatas setelah diperiksa, kemungkinan penyakit kronis. Gejala-gejala bila ternak itu cacingan antara lain: sapi kurus dan lemah, nafsu bisa kurang, kurang darah (anaemia), lendir berwarna pucat dan sering mencret. <br />
Obat yang mampu membunuh fasciola yang sedang migrasi dan cacing dewasa, serta tidak toksik pada jeringan, misalnya :<br />
a. Hexacchlorethan, Aulotane,<br />
Perchloroethan, fasciolin selain efektif terhadap cacing desawa juga efektif untuk Hemonchis dan Trichostrongylosis<br />
b. Clioxanide <br />
Sangat efektif untuk Fasciolisis domba, dan membunuh cacing dewasa<br />
umur 6 minggu atau lebih.<br />
d. Niclofolan, Tordas, Dovenix. <br />
Obat yang mampu membunuh fascioliasis (bersifat flukicidal) dikemas sebagai garam N-methyl Glucaumine atau Meglumine 20%. Derivate Benzimedazol, terutama Albendazol, Triclabendazol dan Probendazol Febantel, memperoleh perhatian luas karena selain efektif terhadap cacingnematoda, senyawa tersebut juga efektif untuk membunuh cacing hati muda dan cacing dewasa.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>DAFTAR PUSTAKA</b><br />
1. http://pur07.wordpress.com/2010/12/10/fasciolosis/<br />
2. http://pur07.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/page/2/<br />
3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/46326059/Pa-to-Genesis-Faciolosis-Akut-Dan-Kronisdessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-77020330113990960072011-05-20T01:36:00.000-07:002011-05-20T01:36:23.096-07:00Pengecatan spora bakteri Endospora adalah struktur spesifik yang ditemukan pada beberapa jenis bakteri. Dua jenis bakteri yang dapat membentuk spora misalnya Clostridium dan Bacillus. Clostridium adalah bakteri yang bersifat anaerobic, sedangkan Bacillus pada umumnya bersifat aerobic. Struktur endospora mungkin bervariasi untuk setiap jenis spesies, tapi umumnya hamper sama. Endospora bakteri merupakan struktur yang tahan terhadap keadaan lingkungan yang ekstrim misalnya kering, pemanasan, dan keadaan asam.<br />
<br />
Bakteri pembentuk spora lebih tahan terhadap desinfektan, sinar, kekeringan, panas, dan kedinginan. Kebanyakan bakteri pembentuk spora tinggal di tanah, namun spora bakteri dapat tersebar di mana saja.<br />
Metode pengecatan spora :<br />
<ul><li>Metode Scaffer fulton</li>
<li>Metode Bartolomev mittwer</li>
<li>Metode Klein</li>
<li>MetodeWirtz</li>
</ul>Prosedur Pengecatan <br />
a. Metode Scaffer fultondessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-85551199179873263612011-05-15T03:27:00.000-07:002011-06-12T04:49:25.053-07:00Tuberculosis Paru<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A. Kuman Penyebab Penyakit Tuberculosis</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Kuman penyebab penyakit Tuberkulosis ditemukan pertama kali oleh Robert Koch pada tahun 1882. M</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">M.tuberculosis, M.africanum, M.bovis menyebabkan penyakit Tuberculosis pada manusia. M.tuberculosis dan M.africanum berasal dari manusia sedangkan M.bovis berasal dari lembu/sapi.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Beberapa macam Mikobakterium yang lain kadang-kadang dapat menulari manusia dengan gejala-gejala klinis yang sama dengan tiga Mikobakterium diatas,sehingga secara klinis tak dapat dibedakan. Membedakannya hanya dapat dilakukan dengan pembiakan(kultur).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Kuman ini berbentuk batang yang tahan asam pada pewarnaan dan berukuran 0,5-4 mikron x 0,3-0,6 mikron.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Kuman ini terdapat dalam butir-butir percikan dahak yang disebut droplet nuclei dan melayang di udara untuk waktu yang lama sampai terhisap oleh orang atau mati dengan sendirinya kena sinar matahari langsung.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Strong dan Kubica menyatakan bahwa droplet nuclei berukuran kecil 5 mikron paling berbahaya bagi penularan penyakit.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Percobaan pada binatang terhadap penderita-penderita silikosis menunjukkan bahwa droplet nuclei yang dapat melalui bronkhiolus yang paling halus berukuran 2-3 mikron, sehingga diperkirakan jumlah yang dapat masuk ke alveolus dan menyebabkan penyakit tak lebih dari 1 kuman saja.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
<b>B. Cara Penularan Penyakit Tuberkulosis</b><br />
Kebanyakan penularan penyakit tuberkulosis ini melalui inhalasi kuman Tuberkulosisyang terdapat di udara.<br />
Pada perjalanannya kuman ini banyak mengalami hambatan antara lain di hidung(terhambat oleh bulu hidung) dan lapisan lendir yang melapisi seluruh saluran pernafasandari atas sampai ke kantong alveoli.<br />
Bila penderita baru pertama kali tertular kuman Tuberkulosis ini, terjadilah suatu proses dalam tubuhnya(paru-paru) yang disebut Primary COmplex Of Tuberkulosis(PCT). PCT ini terdiri dari fokus di paru-paru dimana terjadi eksudasi dari sel karena proses di makannya kuman Tuberkulosis oleh sel makropag.<br />
Lesi dapat terjadi pada kelenjar getah bening, yang disebabkan karena lepasnya kuman pada saluran limfe. Proses pemusnahan kuman TB oleh macrofag ini akhirnya akan menimbulkan kekebalan spesifik terhadap kuman TB.<br />
PCT dapat terjadi pada semua umur. Dinegara di mana prevalensi TB tinggi Keebanyakan anak-anak sudah "terinfeksi oleh penyakit TBC" pada tahun-tahun pertama dari kehidupannya. Namun yang kemudian menjadi penyakit TBC sedikit saja.<br />
Selanjutnya ada 2 kemungkinan yang terjadi menyusul pembentukan PCT ini, yaitu:</span></div><ol style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><li><span style="font-size: small;">Dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya karena adanya proses penutupan fokus primer oleh kapsul membran yang akhirnya akan terjadi perkapuran.</span> </li>
<li>Beberapa kuman akan ikut terlepas ke dalam pembuluh darah dan dapat berkembang menginfeksi organ-organ yang terkena. Infeksi yang demikian disebut Post Primary Tuberkulosis(PPT). PPT ini akan dapat berupa: infeksi pada paru-paru, larynx, dan telinga tengah, kelenjar getah bening di leher, saluran pencernaan dan lubang dubur, saluran kemih, tulang dan sendi.</li>
</ol><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Berkembangnya terinfeksi tuberkulosis menjadi penderita penyakit tuberkulosis dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain : keadaan sosial ekonomi masyarakat yaitu kemiskinan, kekurangan gizi, rendahnya latar belakang pendidikan (buta huruf) dan kepadatan penduduk.</span></div><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" /><b style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">C. Gejala-gejala klinis</b><br style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" /><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">TB paru merupakan penyakit yang prevalensi tinggi dibandingkan dengan penyakit Tuberkulosis lainnya seperti TB miliair, TB tulang,TB meningitis,dan TB extra paru lainnya.</span><br style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" /><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Gejala umum dari TB paru yang harus diketahui secara praktis adalah: batuk terus menerus berdahak, dahak pernah bercampur darah dan nyeri dada, yang berlangsung selama 4 minggu atau lebih.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Sumber :</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">AS,Misnadiarly.2006.Pemeriksaan Laboratorium dan Mycobacterium Atipik.Jakarta:Dian Rakyat</span></span></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-82677691387020383052011-05-10T05:31:00.000-07:002011-05-20T01:29:32.392-07:00Pemeriksaan SGPT<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ( SGPT )<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Enzim ini mengkatalisa pemindahan suatu susunan amino dari glutamic ke asam pyruvat. Enzim SGPT terdapat dalam organ-organ tersebut dibawah ini dari yang terbanyak sebagai berikut : <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Hepar<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Jantung<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Muskulo skeletal<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">SGPT merupakan tes penyaring yang sensitive untuk hapetitits push transfuse dan hepatitis toksis.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">SGPT lebih tinggi dari SGOT pada ichterus obstruktif.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0.1in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Pemeriksaan SGPT<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Tujuan </span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"> : Untuk mengetahui kadar SGPT darah dalam µ/l<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; text-indent: -76.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Prinsip</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"> : Metode kinetic untuk penentuan aktifitas SGPT sesuai dengan rekomendasi dari IFCC </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; text-indent: -76.5pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> ( Internasional Federation of Clinical Chemistry )<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 76.5pt; text-indent: -76.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Reaksi</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"> : 2-oxoglutatarate + L-aspartate <sup>GPT</sup>↔ L-glutatamate + oxaloacetate<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 81pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> oxoloacetate + NADH + H<sup>+ </sup> <sup>LDH</sup>↔ L-malate + NAD<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Cara kerja</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"> : λ : 340 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Program : K20<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Faktor : 1745<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2in;"><br />
</div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 2in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Prosedur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">25/30º C<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">37º C<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">200µl<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">100µl<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Reagen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1000µl<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1000µl<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 2in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 148.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.9in; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Campur, ukur Abs dan pada saat yang bersamaan nyalakan stopwatch.Ulangi pengukuran setelah 1,2, dan 3 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 148.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Harga normal : <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Temperatur<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">25º C<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">30º C<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">37º C<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Pria <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d </sub>18 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d</sub> 25 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d</sub> 37 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Wanita<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d </sub>15 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d </sub>21 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>s</sup>/<sub>d </sub>31 U/l<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-87856264213739088062011-05-10T05:05:00.000-07:002011-05-20T01:31:05.973-07:00Pemeriksaan bilirubin serum<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></b><b>BILIRUBIN<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -76.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Tujuan :</b> untuk mengetahui kadar bilirubin total dan bilirubin direct dalam darah seseorang dalam mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 81pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -81pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Prinsip :</b> bilirubin akan bereaksi dengan diazotized sulfanilic acid(DSA) membentuk zat warna merah,absorbance zat warna ini pada 546 nm adalah proporsional terhadap konsentrasi bilirubin dalam sampel.Bilirubin glukoronida yang larut dalam air bereaksi langsung(direct)dengan DSA,sedangkan bilirubin yang terikat pada albumin bereaksi tidak langsung(indirect)dengan DSA dan dengan adanya accelerator.bilirubin total=bilirubin direct+bilirubin indirect.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Reaksi :</b> Sulphanilic acid + sedium nitrit -->DSA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Bilirubin + DSA --> direct azobilirubin<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Bilirubin + DSA + accelerator </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;">--></span><span style="line-height: 150%;">total azobilirubin<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12pt;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Cara kerja :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> a) <b>total bilirubin</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pengukuran blanko dan sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.95pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.8pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">blanko<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.8pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.95pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Total bilirubin reagen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.8pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1000 ul</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.8pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1000 ul</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.95pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Total nitrit reagen <o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.8pt;" valign="top" width="164"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">-<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.8pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">40 ul</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Campur inkubasi pada suhu ruangan selama 20 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">100 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;">ul</span></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">100</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> ul</span></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Campur,inkubasi pada suhu ruangan selama 20 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ukur absorbance sampel terhadap blanko sampel.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">b) <b>direct bilirubin</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pengukuran blanko dan sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Blanko<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">sampel<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Direct bilirubin reagen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">1000</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> ul</span></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">1000</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> ul</span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Dicert nitrit reagen<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">-<o:p></o:p></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">40</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"> ul</span></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Campur,inkubasi selama 5 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Ukur absorbance sampel terhadap blanko sampel.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Panjang gelombang: Hg 546 nm<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Program :c/f <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Factor :13,0<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="line-height: 150%;">Harga normal :</b><span style="line-height: 150%;"> total bilirubin </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;">--</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">bayi baru lahir : s/d 5 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 243pt; text-indent: -63pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> 5 hari : s/d 12 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 243pt; text-indent: -67.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> 1 bulan : s/d 1.5 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 243pt; text-indent: -67.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Dewasa : s/d 1.1 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 243pt; text-indent: -139.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> Direct bilirubin --dewasa : s/d 0,25 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 243pt; text-indent: -139.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"> Indirect bilirubin</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;">--</span><span style="line-height: 150%;">dewasa : s/d 0,85 mg/dl<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 0in 243pt; text-indent: -139.5pt;"><br />
</div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-4523047157312559532011-05-10T04:46:00.000-07:002011-05-20T01:31:41.171-07:00Bakteri pada unggas<div style="text-align: center;">Mycobacterium avium</div>Mycobacterium avium adalah penyebab tuberkulosis pada unggas dan kadang-kadang babi, tetapi tidak patogen bagi marmot. Kuman ini dapat pula menyerang manusia dan menimbulkan penyakit yang sulit diobati, karena kuman ini dapat dikatakan resisten terhadap hampir semua jenis obat anti tuberkulosis kecuali rifampisin. Pada anak-anak kuman ini menimbulkan limfadenitis servikalis.<br />
Bentuk kuman ini agak lebih kecil dari M.tuberkulosis. koloninya halus berwarna putih dan tumbuh optimal pada suhu 41°C dimana spesies lain tidak dapat tumbuh.<br />
Mycobacterium avium hanya memproduksi sedikit katalase. Uji niasin dan nitrat memberikan hasil negatif. Untuk membedakannya dengan spesies lain dilakukan uji telurit dimana M.avium mereduksi telurit dalam waktu 3 hari.dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-85396162322683004372011-04-14T23:45:00.001-07:002011-05-20T01:34:10.238-07:00Spora pada bakteri<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> Endospora adalah struktur spesifik yang ditemukan pada beberapa jenis bakteri. Dua jenis bakteri yang dapat membentuk spora misalnya Clostridium dan Bacillus. Clostridium adalah bakteri yang bersifat anaerobic, sedangkan Bacillus pada umumnya bersifat aerobic. Struktur endospora mungkin bervariasi untuk setiap jenis spesies, tapi umumnya hamper sama. Endospora bakteri merupakan struktur yang tahan terhadap keadaan lingkungan yang ekstrim misalnya kering, pemanasan, dan keadaan asam.</span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"> Variasi letak spora :</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Ditengah sel (sentral). Contoh <i>Bacillus Cereus.</i></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Di ujung sel (terminal). Contohnya <i>Clostridium thuringensis.</i></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Didekat ujung (sub terminal). Contohnya <i>Clostridium subterminale. </i></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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</style> <span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> Bakteri pembentuk spora lebih tahan terhadap desinfektan, sinar, kekeringan, panas, dan kedinginan. Kebanyakan bakteri pembentuk spora tinggal di tanah, namun spora bakteri dapat tersebar di mana saja.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> Metode pengecatan spora :<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Metode Scaffer fulton<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Metode Bartolomev mittwer<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Metode Klein<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">MetodeWirtz<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul> <link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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</style> <span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Prosedur Pengecatan <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">a. Metode Scaffer fulton<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Bersihkan objek glass dengan alkohol agar bebas dari lemak</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Buat preparat dari biakan yang ada secara aseptik</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Kering anginkan</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Lakukan fiksasi di atas nyala api</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Genangi preparat dengan 2-3 tetes malachite green 5% panasi hingga keluar uap 3 kali, diamkan selama 10 menit</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air mengalir </span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Tetesi dengan cat safranin selama 1 menit</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air mengalir </span><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Preparat dikering anginkan</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"> </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Amati preparat dengan mikroskop ( memakai minyak imersi)</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Spora berwarna merah sedangkan bentuk vegetatif berwarna hijau </span> <div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">b.Metode Bartolomev mittwer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Bersihkan objek glass dengan alkohol agar bebas dari lemak</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Buat preparat dari biakan yang ada secara aseptik</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Kering anginkan</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Lakukan fiksasi di atas nyala api</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Genangi preparat dengan 2-3 tetes malachite green 5% dan biarkan selama 10 menit,</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air mengalir </span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Tetesi dengan cat safranin selama 1 menit</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air mengalir</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Preparat dikering anginkan</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Amati preparat dengan mikroskop ( memakai minyak imersi) </span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<div></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">11.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Spora berwarna merah sedangkan bentuk vegetatif berwarna hijau</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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</style> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">c.Metode Klein I<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Campur suspensi bakteri dengan carbol fuschin dalam tabung reaksi dengan perbandingan 1:1.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Panaskan dalam penangas air selama10 menit pada temperatur 80 <sup>0</sup> C .</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Buat preparat dari campuran suspensi diatas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Celupkan ke dalam asam sulfat selama 1-2 detik.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air mengalir, lalu genangi methylene blue selama 3 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air, kering anginkan <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Amati dibawah mikroskop perbesaran 1000x dengan emersi oil<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">8.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Spora berwarna merah sedangkan bentuk vegetatif berwarna biru</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"> d. <b><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Metode Wirtz </span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Buat preparat dari suspensi bakteri.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Genangi dengan malachite green, panaskan sampai menguap kurang lebih selama 2 menit.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">cuci dengan air mengalir, tambahkan safranin selama 30 detik.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Cuci dengan air, keringkan dengan kertas saring.</span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";">Amati dengan perbesaran1000x dengan emersi oil.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-57296054632456548352011-04-13T00:42:00.001-07:002011-05-20T01:38:07.726-07:00pemanis buatansakarin natrium<br />
(Sacharinum natricum)<br />
A. Rumus kimia<br />
<br />
(C7H4NNaO3S . 2H2O)<br />
<br />
B. Kegunaan <br />
• Banyak digunakan pada permen karet, permen, saus,es krim,es lilin,selai jeli,sirup,minuman ringan,yoghurt,dan minuman fermentasi.<br />
<br />
C. Prosedur Penetapan Kadar secara Alkalimetri<br />
1. Timbang seksama ±500 mg, pindahkan seksama ke dalam corong pisah dengan bantuan 10 ml air.<br />
2. Tambahkan 2 ml asam klorida 3 N ,ekstraksi endapan sakarin, pertama dengan 30 ml kemudian 5 kali,tiap kali dengan 20 ml campuran pelarut kloroform P dan etanol P (9:1)<br />
3. Uapkan kumpulan ekstrak diatas tangas uap dengan bantuan aliran udara hingga kering <br />
4. Larutkan residu dengan 40 ml etanol P <br />
5. Tambahkan 40 ml air ,campur tambahkan fenolftalein LP<br />
6. Titrasi dengan Natrium hidroksida 0,1 N LV <br />
7. Lakukan penetapan blanko menggunakan campuran 40 ml etanol P dan 40 ml air.<br />
1 ml Natrium hidroksida 0,1 N 20,52 mg C7H4NNaO3S<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Daftar Pustaka <br />
Anonim.1995.Farmakope Indonesia Edisi IV.Jakarta:Departemen Kesehatan RI halaman 750<br />
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sacharine diunduh pada 24 maret 2011 jam 10.50dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-78196727877068007072011-04-08T09:27:00.001-07:002011-05-20T01:39:32.985-07:00penyebab fascioliasis di indonesia<div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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</style> </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Fasciola gigantica </span></i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="line-height: 150%;">Fasciola gigantica</span></i><span style="line-height: 150%;"> adalah parasit yang cukup potensial penyebab fascioliasis atau distomatosis. Di Indonesia fascioliasis merupakan salah satu penyakit ternak yang telah lama dikenal dan tersebar secara luas. Keadaan alam Indonesia dengan curah hujan dan kelembaban yang tinggi, dan ditunjang pula oleh sifatnya yang hemaprodit yakni berkelamin jantan dan betina akan mempercepat perkembangbiakan cacing hati tersebut. Cacing ini banyak menyerang hewan ruminansia yang biasanya memakan rumput yang tercemar metacercaria, tetapi dapat juga menyerang manusia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Cacing memang memerlukan kondisi lingkungan yang basah, artinya cacing tersebut bisa tumbuh dan berkembang biak dengan baik bila tempat hidupnya berada pada kondisi yang basah atau lembab. Pada kondisi lingkungan yang basah atau lembab, perlu juga diwaspadai kehadiran siput air tawar yang menjadi inang perantara cacing sebelum masuk ke tubuh ternak. Oleh karena itu,masyarakat perlu diberikan penyuluhan tentang pencegahan fascioliasis agar tidak dapat menyerang hewan ternak maupun manusia.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 40.5pt;"><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5C1412%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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</style> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Sub kingdom : Metazoa<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Filum : Platyhelminthes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Ordo : Digenea<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Family : Fasciolidae<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Kelas : Trematoda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Genus : Fasciola<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Spesies : Fasciola gigantica <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Morfologi:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Bentuk pipih seperti daun<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Ventral sucker lebih besar dibanding oral sucker.<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Panjang 25-75 mm dengan lebar 12 mm.<o:p></o:p> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Berwarna:lebih transparan dibanding dengan Fasciola hepatica.<o:p></o:p></span><b> </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.5in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Hospes definitive</b> : ruminansia (terutama sapi), kambing, domba didaerah beriklim tropis<span style="line-height: 150%;"> kadang juga manusia<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Hospes intermedier</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%;"> : siput Lymnea rubiginosa ( di Indonesia disebut L. javanica). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Di Indonesia tidak ditemukan siput yang cocok sebagai hospes intermidier F. hepatica , maka di Indonesia cacing ini tidak ditemukan, kecuali sapi impor. Lymnea rubiginosa biasanya hidup dalam air jernih. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Habitat </span></b><span style="line-height: 150%;">: Cacing dewasa hidup dalam saluran empedu dan hati hospes definitive <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Bentuk infektif </b>: Metaserkaria </span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -2in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Cara infeksi </b> : rumput/tanaman yang mengandung metacercaria dimakan oleh ternak/orang</span></div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -2in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Penyakit </b>: fascioliasis atau distomatosis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Siklus hidup<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cacing dewasa hidup dalam saluran empedu hospes definitif (terutama ruminansia kadang juga orang) -- cacing bertelur --keluar melalui saluran empedu -- keluar melalui feses -- telur berkembang membentuk meracidium dalam waktu 9-10 hari pada suhu optimum -- meracidium terdapat pada hospes intermedier siput <i>Lymnea rubiginosa</i> -- berkembang menjadi cercaria. Cercaria keluar dari siputà menempel pada tanaman air/rumput/sayuran -- cercaria melepaskan ekornya -- membentuk metacercaria. Rumput/tanaman yang mengandung metacercaria -- dimakan oleh ternak/orang -- cacing akan menginfeksi hospes definitif <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">-- ber</span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">kembang menjadi cacing dewasa.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Gejala Klinis</b> </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in;"></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">•Migrasi cacing dewasa ke saluran empedu menimbulkan kerusakan pada parenkim hati. </span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;">•Saluran Empedu mengalami peradangan, penebalan dan sumbatan sehingga menimbulkan Sirosis periportal</span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Diagnosa</b> </span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Penentuan diagnosa fascioliasis pada hewan dengan ditemukan telur Fasciola, diagnosa juga diperkuat dengan kerusakan hati hewan yang mati .</span></span></div><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Reaksi</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">serologi</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Pengobatan</b></span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hexachloroethane </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">•Hexachlorophene</span></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">•Nitroxynil </span></div><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 6.24pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">•Derivat Benzimidazol (Albendazol, Triclabendazol, Prebendazol, Febantel) Dosis 10-15 mg/kg BB untuk sapi dan kerbau, 10 mg/kg BB untuk domba dan kambing.</span></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>Epidemiologi</b> </span></div><div style="color: black; direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;">Fasciola gigantica </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">merupakan parasit asli Indonesia sedangkan </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-style: italic;">F. hepatica</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> datang ke Indonesia mungkin bersama-sama dengan di bawanya sapi perah FH dari Belanda. </span></span></div><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">•</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Prevalensi</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">penyakit</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ini</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">pada</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ternak</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">di</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Jawa</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Barat </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">dapat</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">mencapai</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 90% </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">dan</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">di</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">kasus</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">kejadiannya</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">antara</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> 40-90%, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">maka</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">perlu</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">diwaspadai</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">kemungkinan</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">terjadinya</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">penularan</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">penyakit</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ini</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">pada</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">manusia</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">di</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Indonesia.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></div><span style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Consolas;"> </span></span></div><br />
<div style="color: black;"></div><div style="color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -2in;"><br />
</div><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></span><br />
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</div><div style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-36842057483102137362011-03-31T22:56:00.000-07:002011-03-31T22:56:52.975-07:00vibrio cholera<div style="text-align: center;">Vibrio cholerae</div><div style="text-align: center;">Divisi : Bacteriaceae</div><div style="text-align: center;">Klas : Schizomycetes</div><div style="text-align: center;">Ordo : Eubacteriales</div><div style="text-align: center;">Famili : Vibrionaceae</div><div style="text-align: center;">Genus : Vibrio</div><div style="text-align: left;">Morfologi </div><div style="text-align: left;">Bakteri ini bersifat gram negatif(-) , fakultatif anaerobik, bentuk sel batang dengan ukuran panjang antara 2-3 um, menghasilkan katalase dan oksidase ,dan bergerak dengan satu flagel pada ujung sel. Tidak memiliki kapsul dan tidak berspora.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_e0kqdkfqYwCcHu2QEmslHjVfPBZOB8d2uSjrmBJe6UwvwBe7EbChqnKakUdnbDPbFiZwO7sZb3rjgMSxJ2vTVa6a_9As2uGQx0FDU3ACj5QthP76e4hAmePUZ7me-2lcfOstU5J6IE/s1600/vibrio_cholerae.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr_e0kqdkfqYwCcHu2QEmslHjVfPBZOB8d2uSjrmBJe6UwvwBe7EbChqnKakUdnbDPbFiZwO7sZb3rjgMSxJ2vTVa6a_9As2uGQx0FDU3ACj5QthP76e4hAmePUZ7me-2lcfOstU5J6IE/s320/vibrio_cholerae.jpg" width="309" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
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</style><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sifat Biakan <o:p></o:p></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: left;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada media TCBS Vibrio
cholerae membentuk koloni yang konvek , halus dan bulat ,berwarna kuning.
Bersifat aerobe dan tumbuh pada media sederhana(biasa). pH optimum 7.8-8.0 dan
tumbuh subur pada pH 9.2, tetapi mati dengan cepat oleh asam. Oleh karena itu ,
biakan yang mengandung karbohidrat yang dapat diragikan dengan cepat menjadi
steril. pH alkalis dimaksudkan agar kuman-kuman enterik yang lain tidak dapat tumbuh. Suhu optimum 37.5</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">⁰</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdsiGDz81p8kulLVjqIwYnOgRW-2_ZeV6nARVS9pGOVrppva8XxXeF5fbMMGCaoTjym1zUeUwkkeCL4ls6H2EVtYXPhiR0FKWWQpn5I0s_3ziG2EPnE5Yg3n_HSxAO43IoGAzm0KvLoRQ/s1600/DSC00385.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdsiGDz81p8kulLVjqIwYnOgRW-2_ZeV6nARVS9pGOVrppva8XxXeF5fbMMGCaoTjym1zUeUwkkeCL4ls6H2EVtYXPhiR0FKWWQpn5I0s_3ziG2EPnE5Yg3n_HSxAO43IoGAzm0KvLoRQ/s320/DSC00385.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: left;"></div><div></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-73486290233695034922011-03-25T23:49:00.000-07:002011-03-25T23:49:11.150-07:00MediaA. Pengertian Media <br />
Media adalah suatu bahan yang terdiri dari campuran zat-zat makanan (nutrisi) yang diperlukan mikroorganisme untuk pertumbuhannya.<br />
B. Syarat Media <br />
a. Media harus mengandung semua nutrisi yang mudah digunakan oleh mikroba <br />
b. Media harus mempunyai tekanan osmosa, tegangan permukaan dan pH yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhannya <br />
c. Media tidak mengandung zat penghambat kecuali yang sengaja ditambahkan pada media selektif atau one purpose media<br />
d. Media harus steril<br />
e. Temperatur/ suhu nya sesuai<br />
<br />
C. Klasifikasi Media<br />
1. Media berdasarkan konsistensi<br />
a. Media padat <br />
Media yang mengandung agar 15% sehingga setelah dingin media menjadi padat. Contohnya : Urea, KIA,Citrat,TSIA<br />
b. Media setengah padat <br />
Media yang mengandung agar 0,3-0,4% sehingga menjadi sedikit kenyal, tidak padat, tidak begitu cair. Media semisolid dibuat dengan tujuan supaya pertumbuhan mikroba dapat menyebar ke seluruh media tetapi tidak mengalami percampuran sempurna jika tergoyang. Contohnya : SIM ,Carry and Blair<br />
c. Media cair <br />
Media yang tidak mengandung agar, contohnya adalah NB (Nutrient Broth), LB (Lactose Broth),TSB (Trypticase Soy Broth)<br />
<br />
2. Media berdasarkan susunan kimia<br />
a. Media sintesis <br />
Media yang komposisi zat kimianya diketahui jenis dan takarannya secara pasti, misalnya Glucose Agar, Mac Conkey Agar.<br />
b. Media semi sintesis <br />
Media yang sebagian komposisinya diketahui secara pasti, misanya PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) yang mengandung agar, dekstrosa dan ekstrak kentang. Untuk bahan ekstrak kentang, kita tidak dapat mengetahui secara detail tentang komposisi senyawa penyusunnya.<br />
c. Media non sintesis Media yang dibuat dengan komposisi yang tidak dapat diketahui secara pasti dan biasanya langsung diekstrak dari bahan dasarnya, misalnya Tomato Juice Agar, Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Pancreatic Extract.<br />
3. Media berdasarkan fungsi<br />
a. Media selektif/penghambat<br />
Media yang selain mengandung nutrisi juga ditambah suatu zat tertentu sehingga media tersebut dapat menekan pertumbuhan mikroba lain dan merangsang pertumbuhan mikroba yang diinginkan. Contohnya adalah TCBS,Thayer Martin,SS,BSA<br />
b. Media diperkaya (enrichment)<br />
Media diperkaya adalah media yang mengandung komponen dasar untuk pertumbuhan mikroba dan ditambah komponen kompleks seperti darah,serum, kuning telur. Media diperkaya juga bersifat selektif untuk mikroba tertentu. Misalnya Blood Tellurite Agar, Bile Agar, Serum Agar.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
c. Media identifikasi<br />
Media ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroba dari bakteri lainnya yang sama-sama tumbuh dalam media perbenihan berdasar karakter spesifik yang ditunjukkan pada media diferensial,misalnya TSIA ,media uji biokimia.<br />
d. Media penyubur<br />
Media yang menguntungkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme tertentu karena mengandung bahan-bahan tambahan ataupun bahan penghambat yang menekan tumbuhnya kompetitor. Jenis media ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah mikroorganisme yang diduga terlalu sedikit dalam bahan sampel, sehingga akan mudah untuk dihitung atau dianalisa lebih lanjut. Misalnya APW 1%,KPD,BHI<br />
dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-54402830337846892992011-03-25T23:39:00.000-07:002011-06-12T04:21:59.989-07:00SPEKTROFOTOMETER<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">SPEKTROFOTOMETER<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A. Pengertian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Adalah alat yang terdiri dari spektrometer dan fotometer. Spektrometer menghasilkan sinar dari spektrum dengan panjang gelombang tertentu ,sedangkan fotometer adalah alat pengukur intensitas cahaya yang ditransmisikan atau yang diabsorpsi. Jadi spektrofotometer digunakan untuk mengukur energi secara relatif jika energi tersebut ditransmisikan, direfleksikan atau diemisikan sebagai fungsi dari panjang gelombang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CUser%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Widarini,Anandani.2000.<i>Fotometri dan Fotometer</i>.Jakarta<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.scribd.com/doc/28986873/Laporan-INSTRUMEN-SPEKTROFOTOMETER<o:p></o:p></span></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7587307526732199970.post-77700288663647225702011-03-25T02:37:00.000-07:002011-03-25T02:41:00.783-07:00Jenis Monitor<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: large;">Terdapat 2 jenis unit layar tampilan yang biasa digunakan untuk komputer yaitu : <br />
1. Layar monitor berbentuk pipih atau sering disebut monitor Kristal cair (liquid crystal display – LCD), yang kebanyakan digunakan pada komputer notebook, namun saat ini juga sudah dipakai untuk PC. </span></div><ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><li><span style="font-size: large;"> Jenis LCD biasa, berteknologi model penyinaran belakang (backlit) dan penyinaran samping (sidelit) </span></li>
</ul><ul style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><li><span style="font-size: large;"> LCD TFT (thin film transistor) atau matriks aktif, setiap pisel dikendalikan oleh satu transistor.</span></li>
</ul><br />
<div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. Layar monitor tabung atau disebut CRT (cathode ray tube) bentuknya seperti layar televisi yang digunakan untuk komputer jenis desktop atau PC. Monitor CRT jenisnya monokrom dan warna. Monokrom warna yang paling popular adalah hijau, kuning, dan putih. Setiap piksel terdiri dari satu dot (titik), sehingga memberikan image lebih tajam. Sedangkan monitor warna, warna monitor ditentukan oleh warna fosfor pada layar CRT. Setiap piksel terbentuk dari tiga titik. Monitor monochrome mempunyai fosfor warna tunggal (putih). Monitor warna menggunakan gabungan tiga fosfor berwarna merah, hijau dan biru (Red, Green dan Blue). Gabungan tiga fosfor membentuk satu piksel, maka terdapat tiga pancaran bagi tiga warna yang menembak dengan kekuatan-kekuatan lain untuk membentuk warna-warna yang lain. </span></div><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i>sumber :shvoong.com</i></span> </div><div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div><br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: medium none; color: black; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>dessy kid 1412http://www.blogger.com/profile/12694937025806460743noreply@blogger.com0